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Several commercial and industrial buildings are capable of reaching heights of more than sixty stories. Obviously, when these buildings are being built, they need equally tall cranes to be able to move the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes that are operated from the back of trucks or other types which have their own vehicle attached. Tower cranes are the biggest ones on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. When new construction like for instance skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like shopping center are being constructed, chances are a crane would be on site.
Kinds
The two key kinds of cranes can be differentiated by the manner in which their boom or jib raises materials. The jib is the metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts things. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both kinds could vary from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of separate sections. So as to increase the overall height of the equipment, parts are added. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also called. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane uses a braided metal cord to be able to lift materials. This cord extends out from a motor located next to the control module to the end of the jib or boom. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when lifting heavy materials.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a particular type of mobile crane. These cranes use hydraulics and are able to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics makes use of forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are very essential in constructing major projects like for instance bridges, airports, buildings and roadways. A crane could complete in minutes tasks which will normally take hundreds of men and many hours to complete.
The vast equipments are usually used in the building of cities, houses, whole nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids within Egypt were probably constructed using basic cranes to enable the heaviest supplies in one of the most remarkable construction projects ever.
The very first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt during King Ramses'' reign. This lifting mechanism was first used to collect water. The very first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to create a whole nation during the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were originally made out of wood. The designs of cranes began to change when dockyards began to require stronger and bigger machinery. Hick & Rothwell developed the very first cast iron cranes in eighteen thirty four, within Bolton, England. This machinery could lift up to 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition enabled cranes to have a larger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. 4 years later, Germany started to make cast iron cranes. The very first cast iron crane made by Germany was built within Neuburg.
